Maps
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓define and identify different types and uses of maps
Source: Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) — Integrated Brochure & Syllabus System (IBASS). Official document at ibass.jamb.gov.ng · Download PDF.
Practical Geography
Scale and measurement of distances, areas reduction and enlargement, directions, bearings and gradients with reference to topographical maps
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓apply the different types of scale to distances and area measurement
- ✓understand conversion of scales
- ✓apply the knowledge of scale to gradients, map reduction and enlargement
- ✓apply the knowledge of directions and bearings to geographical features
Map reading and interpretation; drawing of cross profiles, recognition of intervisibility, recognition and description of physical and human features and relationship as depicted on topographical maps
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓illustrate the relief of an area through profile drawing
- ✓interpret physical and human features from topographical maps
Interpretation of statistical data; maps and diagrams
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓Compute quantitative information from statistical data, diagrams and maps
- ✓interpret statistical data, diagrams and maps
Elementary Surveying; chain and prismatic, open and close traverse, procedure, problems, advantages and disadvantages
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓analyse the principle and procedure of each technique
- ✓compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two techniques
Geographic Information System (GIS): components, techniques, data sources, applications
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓understand GIS and its uses
- ✓understand the basic concepts and components
- ✓express locations through the use of latitudes, longitudes, zipcodes etc
- ✓understand land surveying, remote sensing, map digitizing, map scanning as sources of data
- ✓explain areas of use: Defense, Agriculture, Rural Development etc
- ✓identify problems with GIS in Nigeria
Physical Geography
The earth as a planet
- •The earth in the solar system, rotation and revolution
- •The shape and size of the earth
- •Latitudes and distances, longitudes and time
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓identify the relative positions of the planets in the solar system
- ✓understand the effects of the rotation and revolution of the earth
- ✓provide proof for the shape and size of the earth
- ✓differentiate between latitudes and longitudes
- ✓relate lines of latitude to calculation of distance
- ✓relate lines of longitude to calculation of time
The Earth Crust
- •The structure of the earth (internal and external) Relationships among the four spheres
- •Rocks: Types, characteristics, modes of formation and uses
- •Earth’s movement: Tectonic forces
- •Major Landforms: Mountains, Plateau, Plains, Coastal landforms, karst topography and desert landforms
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓compare the internal and external components of the earth
- ✓understand the existing relationship among atmosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere in terms of energy balance and water cycle
- ✓differentiate between major types of rocks and their characteristics
- ✓analyse the processes of rock formation and the resultant features
- ✓indicate the uses of rocks
- ✓differentiate between tensional and compressional forces and the resultant landforms
- ✓identify and describe the major landforms
Volcanism and Earthquakes
- •Landforms associated with volcanic activities
- •Landforms of Igneous Rocks
- •Origin and types of Volcanoes
- •Some volcanic eruptions and earthquakes
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓explain the processes of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes
- ✓describe the different landforms associated with both volcanic eruptions and earthquakes
- ✓give examples of major volcanic eruptions and earthquakes in the world
Denudation processes in the tropics
- •Weathering
- •Erosion
- •Mass movement
- •Deposition
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓identify the agents of denudation (water, wind and waves)
- ✓identify the landforms associated with each process and agent
Water Bodies
- •Oceans and seas (world distribution, salinity and uses)
- •Ocean currents: types, distribution, causes and effects
- •Lakes: types, distribution and uses
- •Rivers: Action of running water
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓locate oceans and seas on the globe
- ✓examine the characteristics and uses of oceans and seas
- ✓classify the types of ocean currents
- ✓account for the distribution of ocean currents
- ✓evaluate the causes and effects of ocean currents
- ✓identify the types and location of lakes
- ✓indicate the characteristics and uses of lakes
- ✓identify the landforms of the different stages of a river course
Weather and Climate
- •Concept of weather and climate
- •Elements of weather and climate
- •Factors controlling weather and climate (pressure, air mass, altitude, continentality and winds)
- •Classification of climate (Greek and Koppen)
- •Major climate types (Koppen), their characteristics and distribution
- •Measuring and recording weather parameters and instruments used
- •The basic science of climate change
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓differentiate between weather and climate
- ✓identify the elements of weather and climate
- ✓identify the factors controlling weather and climate
- ✓compare Koppen’s and Greek’s classifications
- ✓identify the major types of climate according to Koppen
- ✓relate the weather instruments to their uses
- ✓define climate change
- ✓understand the causes of climate change
- ✓understand the effects and remedies of climate change
Vegetation
- •Factors controlling growth of plants
- •The concept of vegetation e.g., plant communities and succession
- •Major types of vegetation, their characteristics and distribution
- •Impact of human activities on vegetation
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓trace the factors controlling the growth of plants
- ✓analyse the process of vegetation development
- ✓identify the types, their characteristics and distribution
- ✓assess the impact of human activities on vegetation
- ✓identify the importance of vegetation
Soils
- •Definition and properties
- •Factors and processes of formation
- •Soil profiles
- •Major tropical types, their characteristics, distribution and uses
- •Impact of human activities on soils
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓classify soils and their properties
- ✓identify the factors of formation
- ✓differentiate between the different types of soil horizons and their characteristics
- ✓compare the major tropical soil types and uses of soils
- ✓account for the distribution and uses of soils
- ✓assess the impact of human activities on soils
Environmental Resources
- •Types of resources (atmospheric, land, soil, vegetation and minerals)
- •The concept of renewable and non-renewable resources
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓interpret the concept of environmental resources
- ✓relate environmental resources to their uses
- ✓differentiate between the concepts of renewable and non-renewable resources
Environmental interaction
- •Land ecosystem
- •Environmental balance and human interaction
- •Effects of human activities on land ecosystem
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓identify the components of land ecosystem
- ✓establish the interrelationship within the ecosystem
- ✓interpret the concept of environmental balance
- ✓analyse the effects of human activities on land ecosystem
Environmental hazards
- •Natural hazards (droughts, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding)
- •Man-induced (soil erosion, deforestation, pollution, flooding and desertification)
- •Effects, prevention and control of hazards
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓identify the natural hazards and their causes
- ✓relate the human-induced hazards to their causes
- ✓locate the major areas where environmental hazards are common and their effects
- ✓recommend possible methods of prevention and control
Environmental Conservation
- •Need for environmental conservation
- •Resources for conservation
- •Method of conservation
- •Problems and difficulties
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓explain with examples environmental conservation
- ✓identify the resources for conservation
- ✓discuss the different methods of environmental conservation
- ✓explain the need/importance of environmental conservation
Human Geography
Population
- •World population with particular reference to the Amazon Basin, N.E. U.S.A., India, Japan and the West Coast of Southern Africa
- •Characteristics – birth and death rates, ages/sex structure
- •Factors and patterns of population distribution
- •Factors and problems of population growth
- •Types, causes and effects of migration
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓define different concepts of population
- ✓identify the characteristics of population (growth rates and structure)
- ✓determine the factors and the patterns of population distribution
- ✓identify the factors and problems of population growth
- ✓relate the types of migration to their causes and effects
- ✓account for the ways population constitute a resource
Settlement with particular reference to Western Europe, the USA, Middle East and West Africa
- •Types and patterns: rural and urban, dispersed, nucleated and linear
- •Rural settlement: classification, factors of growth and functions
- •Urban settlement – classification, factors of growth and functions
- •Factor of settlement location
- •Problems of urban centres
- •Interrelationship between rural and urban settlements
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓differentiate between types of settlements (rural and urban)
- ✓classify the patterns and functions of rural settlements
- ✓classify the patterns and functions of urban settlements
- ✓identify the factors of settlement location
- ✓identify the problems of urban centres
- ✓establish the interrelationship between rural and urban settlements
Selected economic activities
- •Types of economic activities: primary, secondary, tertiary and quartnary
- •Agriculture: types, system, factors and problems
- •Manufacturing industries, types, locational factors, distribution and socio-economic importance and problems of industrialization in tropical Africa
- •Transportation and Communication types, roles in economic development and communication in tropical Africa
- •World trade: -factors and pattern of world trade, major commodities (origin, routes and destinations)
- •Tourism: definition, importance, location, problems and solutions
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓identify the types of economic activities
- ✓differentiate between the types of economic activities
- ✓assess the importance and problems of agriculture as an economic activity
- ✓compare the types of manufacturing industries
- ✓identify the factors of industrial location
- ✓examine the socio-economic importance of manufacturing industries
- ✓give reasons for the problems of industrialization in tropical Africa
- ✓differentiate between the modes of transportation and communication
- ✓assess the economic importance of transportation
- ✓give reasons for the problems of transportation in tropical Africa
- ✓relate the factors to the pattern of world trade
- ✓classify the major commodities of trade in terms of their origins, routes and destination
- ✓analyse tourism as an economic activity
- ✓identify the problems of tourism and their solutions
Regional Geography
Broad outline of Nigeria
- •Location, position, size, political division (states) and peoples
- •Boundaries and neighbours
- •Physical setting: geology, relief, landform, climate and drainage, vegetation and soils
- •Population: size, distribution, migration, (types, problems and effects)
- •Natural resources: types (minerals, soils, water, vegetation, etc.) distribution, uses and conservation
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓describe the location, size and political divisions of Nigeria
- ✓identify the boundaries and neighbours of Nigeria
- ✓identify the ethnic groups and their distributions
- ✓relate the components of physical settings to their effects on human activities
- ✓account for the pattern of population distribution
- ✓examine the types of migration, their problems and effects
- ✓identify the types of natural resources and their distribution
- ✓indicate the uses and conservation of natural resources
Economic and Human Geography
- •Agricultural Systems: the major crops produced, problems of agricultural development in Nigeria
- •Manufacturing Industries: factors of location, types of products, marketing and problems associated with manufacturing
- •Transportation and Communication: modes of transportation and communication and their relative advantages and disadvantages
- •Trade: Regional and International Trade, advantages and disadvantages
- •Tourism: definition, importance, problems and solutions
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓compare the farming systems practised in Nigeria
- ✓identify the crops produced and the problems encountered
- ✓identify the types and location of the major manufacturing industries
- ✓determine the factors of industrial location and the problems associated with the industries
- ✓establish the relationship between transport and communication
- ✓relate the modes of transportation and communication to their relative advantages and disadvantages
- ✓classify the major commodities of regional and international trade
- ✓identify the importance of tourism and tourist centres
- ✓account for the problems of tourism and their solutions
ECOWAS
- •Meaning and objectives
- •Member states
- •Purpose/mandate
- •Advantages and disadvantages
- •Problems and solutions
Objectives — candidates should be able to:
- ✓State the meaning, purpose and objectives
- ✓identify and locate the member countries
- ✓understand the purpose/mandate of the organization
- ✓evaluate the prospects and problems of the organization